basic of python

Python Tutorial for Beginners

1. 🔹 Installing Python

Download from python.org (choose latest stable version).

Check installation:

python --version

Or use online editors like Google Colab / Replit.

2. 🔹 First Python Program

print("Hello, World!")

✅ print() is used to display output.

3. 🔹 Variables & Data Types

# Strings name = "Alice" # Numbers age = 25 pi = 3.14 # Boolean is_student = True print(name, age, pi, is_student)

4. 🔹 Taking Input

name = input("Enter your name: ") print("Hello", name)

⚠️ Note: input() always returns a string. Use int() or float() to convert.

5. 🔹 Operators

x, y = 10, 3 print(x + y)   # Addition print(x - y)   # Subtraction print(x * y)   # Multiplication print(x / y)   # Division print(x // y)  # Floor division print(x % y)   # Modulus print(x ** y)  # Power 

6. 🔹 Conditional Statements

age = 18 if age >= 18:    print("You are an adult.") else:    print("You are a minor.")

7. 🔹 Loops

# For loop for i in range(5):    print("Number:", i) # While loop count = 0 while count < 5:    print("Count:", count)    count += 1 

8. 🔹 Lists (Arrays)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] print(fruits[0])        # First element fruits.append("mango")  # Add element print(fruits)

9. 🔹 Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs)

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "is_student": True} print(student["name"]) student["age"] = 21 print(student)

10. 🔹 Functions

def greet(name):    return "Hello, " + name print(greet("Alice"))

11. 🔹 Classes & Objects (OOP Basics)

class Dog:    def __init__(self, name):        self.name = name        def bark(self):        print(self.name, "is barking!") my_dog = Dog("Buddy") my_dog.bark()

12. 🔹 File Handling

# Writing to a file with open("test.txt", "w") as f:    f.write("Hello, file!") # Reading a file with open("test.txt", "r") as f:    print(f.read())

13. 🔹 Error Handling

try:    x = 10 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError:    print("You can't divide by zero!")

14. 🔹 Useful Libraries

math → Math functions

random → Random numbers

datetime → Date & Time

os → Operating system

pandas, numpy, matplotlib → Data science

Example:

import random print(random.randint(1, 10))  # Random number between 1 and 10 

✅ Next Steps

Practice coding small problems daily.

Try projects like:

Calculator

To-do list

Guess the number game

Basic web scraper